_Belzec (mémorial)
_recorded by stéphane garin (august 2007)
_avec les artistes :
… Éric BAUDELAIRE, Clément COGITORE, Marcel DINAHET, Omer FAST, Stéphane GARIN, Bertrand GONDOUIN, Jan KOPP, LA RIBOT, Émeric LHUISSET, Adrien MISSIKA, Frédéric MOSER & Philippe SCHWINGER, Jean-Luc MOULÈNE, Deimantas NARKEVICIUS, Till ROESKENS, Roy SAMAHA.
http://www.culture-alsace.org/prochaine-exposition-affinites-dechirures-attractions,46815,fr.html
Parvenir à ne rien brusquer ni contraindre. Savoir reconnaître l’instant juste. Refuser de transiger. Accepter de n’être qu’un opérateur – mais d’une extrême rigueur. Garder en tête que « rien n’a eu lieu que le lieu ». Ne surtout pas chercher à faire dire – ce qui revient presque toujours à faire taire. Laisser au contraire affleurer simplement, avec la conscience aiguë des efforts immenses que réclame ce « simplement », la silencieuse parole du monde. Se (re)découvrir capable d’ouvrir les yeux et les oreilles, de regarder le vent souffler, et d’écouter l’eau s’écouler. Apprendre à étreindre la lumière.
Ces préceptes – qui, si nous parvenions à les appliquer, nous aideraient peut-être à toucher au coeur de la vie – semblent avoir guidé Stéphane Garin (musicien, multi-instrumentiste et membre de plusieurs ensembles, dont l’ensemble Dedalus) et Sylvestre Gobart (plasticien oeuvrant dans le domaine de la photographie et de la vidéo) tout au long de leur projet commun, doté, en guise de titre, d’une liste de noms de lieux : Gurs – Drancy – Gare de Bobigny – Auschwitz – Birkenau – Chelmno-Kulmhof – Majdanek – Sobibor – Treblinka. Partant du sud-ouest de la France, dont Garin est originaire, lui et Gobart ont parcouru ensemble le sinistre itinéraire qui, passant par Drancy et Bobigny, aboutit aux camps de la mort nazis installés en Pologne. Au total, le projet aura duré six ans. L’un a pris du son, l’autre des photos, mais surtout ils ont pris du temps – la plus précieuse de toutes les matières. Stéphane Garin : « La règle indissociable de ce projet était le temps. Le temps de comprendre un lieu, de s’en imprégner, le temps de le respecter, puis le temps de lui prendre sa moelle osseuse sonore. Pour ensuite écouter, noter, trier puis choisir en fonction de la musique des sons du lieu. En fonction de mon écoute sensible.» D’abord présenté sous forme d’installation, leur projet donne maintenant naissance à deux CD d’enregistrements sonores, avec lesquels dialoguent une quinzaine de petites photographies anthracite, montrant des paysages exempts de présence humaine. Coédité par le label français Bruit Clair (1) et le label allemand Gruenrekorder, ce disque s’inscrit dans la sphère dite du field recording (enregistrement de terrain), à l’intérieur de laquelle le processus créatif repose sur un traitement minutieux du matériau sonore. Tendant vers une forme d’abstraction, ces enregistrements traduisent pourtant un rapport au monde on ne peut plus concret. De fait, dans leurs prises de son comme dans leurs prises de vue, Stéphane Garin et Sylvestre Gobart manifestent un désir palpable de saisir le monde et d’en offrir une perception patiemment mûrie. Arpentant ces lieux ô combien chargés d’histoire, ils ont tâché d’en extraire l’essence, au-delà ou en deçà des multiples couches de lecture déposées depuis 1945, en s’approchant au plus près de la vie ordinaire – d’où une trame sonore faite uniquement de choses banales (l’aboiement d’un chien, le crissement de graviers, le murmure d’un poste de radio, le bruit d’un moteur de voiture…), a priori sans importance, mais qui sont l’expression même de la vie. Capter ces choses aujourd’hui sur les lieux où, hier encore, régnait un silence de mort, n’est-ce pas la plus belle manière de conjurer la barbarie nazie ?
Jérôme Provençal
1. Bruit Clair a été fondé en 2009 par le musicien
Mathias Delplanque (cf. portrait dans Mouvementn° 43).
Gurs – Drancy – Gare de Bobigny – Auschwitz – Birkenau – Chelmno-Kulmhof – Majdanek – Sobibor – Treblinka. (www.bruitclair.com / www.gruenrekorder.de)
Bobby Power / foxy digitalis
Stéphane Garin & Sylvestre Gobart’s collaborative compilation of field recordings is a harrowing experience. Described as a collection of “recent pictures and sound recordings realised on the grounds of confinement, deportation and extermination of the Second World War, in France and in Poland,” the finished product is a work provocation and meditation. Accompanied by a lengthy essay outlining the project and thick-stock black-and-gray photographs from each scene featured in the recordings, the two-discs are maxed out with field recordings from a number of stigma-riddled settings. The recordings were recorded with “no direction of the events,” or no prepared production techniques, and “include no mixing” or post-production. Listeners may be hesitant to dive in given the subject matter and sheer amount of audio (just under two-hours of recordings), but the overall impact is powerful, to say the least. Decontextualizing (or recontextualizing?) our collective memory of some of the worst moments and events in human history, with physical artifacts and settings fully tangible to anyone with interest. It’s a captivating experience if you can muster the will for it.
Œuvre de mémoire.
Auschwitz, Sobibor, Birkenau? Ces sinistres lieux de l’extermination nazie, Stéphane Garin les égrène dans un disque réalisé avec le vidéaste, photographe et plasticien Sylvestre Gobart. Le percussionniste, qui joue souvent avec l’OPPB, a capté les sons qui bruissent aujourd’hui dans ces camps et Sylvestre le décor. À 37 ans, il ne s’explique pas pourquoi il a voulu réveiller leur mémoire. A cause de « Shoah » de Claude Lanzmann ? Stéphane en voit des fragments à 12 ans, puis le regarde en boucle. Il y a aussi son parcours musical marqué par John Cage et l’utilisation des sons ambiants, les 10 ans passés à Paris de 19 à 29 ans. Membre d’un groupe de percussion, il récupère de la ferraille, pour en jouer, près de la gare de déportation de Bobigny où il regarde filer les rails. En 2005, tout s’imbrique. À 31 ans, il part enregistrer des sons à Auschwitz. « Il n’y a rien là-bas ! » lui dit-on. « Oui mais ce rien, j’ai envie de le ramener », réplique-t-il. Rien de prémédité. « C’est sorti du ventre ! » Il passe dix jours glacials dans « un vent de folie », épiant les sons adoucis par la neige. Il revient à Bayonne son port d’attache, avec l’envie de mêler sons et images. Sylvestre le suivra dans un road-movie entamé à Gurs fin 2006. Dans les camps, Stéphane enregistre les oiseaux, la pluie naissante, les insectes, les clarinettes et les voix de jeunes israéliennes en visite, le cliquetis des serrures? « A un moment, tu rentres dans le son. C’est comme si la mémoire te portait ». Sylvestre photographie les bâtiments sous un duvet de neige, l’enfilade des arbres qui « ont tout vu ! » Leur ?uvre de mémoire se poursuit en Ukraine, sur les traces macabres des commandos de tuerie mobile. Une habitante leur raconte ces atrocités dont elle a été témoin à 15 ans. En 2008, leur quête les mène dans 8 villages et les incite à créer un documentaire. « Quand tu rentres là-dedans, tu n’en sors plus ! »
Disque disponible (Gruenrekorder/Bruit Clair) garin.stephane@gmail.com blog : http://garin-gobart.tumblr.com
Karine Roby (cahier Sortir de la République)
The extermination perpetrated by Nazi Germany and its collaborationist countries against those undesirable populations (Jews, homosexuals, tziganes, mentally and physically handicapped people…) provoked a real cataclysm within our civilization because of its method, its singularity and its extent.
What memory do we keep alive today of those events, at the time of multiple commemorations, memorials and other enclosed memories.
Our artistic move aims to break off with the iconography which conditions our collective memory as much by the medium as by the contents of the pictures and the sound. What matters here is to attempt to recover and to reinvest that memory. The distance that separates us from the past tragedies increases the risk of a ritualization or a “monumentalization” of the memory, and that is the reason why we need, through art, to feed the visual memory of extermination.
The deliberate choice not to work on any visual element that refers to the systematic iconography of the camps endeavours to create, with the sound, that restraint which is essential to reverence, as it is the signature of what happened.
There was, on the spot, no direction of the events. The sound recordings include no mixing.
track listing _ ● gurs. internment camp. february 25th 2007 ● drancy. la cité de la muette. january 27th 2007 ● bobigny. train station for deportation. may 27th 2006 ● auschwitz-birkenau. judenrampe. february 26th 2006 ● majdaneck. men’s showers. gas chamber. august 15th 2006 ● auschwitz. the square of the orchestra. february 20th 2006 ● auschwitz. krematorium I. february 20th 2006 ● krupp AG. arms factory. february 22nd 2006 ● auschwitz. roll call. february 22th 2006 ● auschwitz. block 11. february 20th 2006 ● oswiecim-krakow. train. february 23th 2006 ● majdaneck. common graves. august 15th 2006 ● birkenau. krematorium V. february 22th 2006 ● sobibor. the platform. august 17th 2006 ● birkenau. block 1 (SK). february 23th 2006 ● sobibor. the village. august 16th 2006 ● chelmo-kulmhof. jewish place of pilgrimage. august 10th 2006 ● treblinka. the forest. august 12th 2006 ● krakow. the main square. february 23th 2006 ● radivyliv. grade crossing. august 22th 2006
bruit clair records www.bruitclair.com / gruenrekorder www.gruenrekorder.de/?page_id=362
contacts_ garin.stephane@gmail.com_sgobart@gmail.com_(0033) 6 63 70 20 83
to buy the CD, write to garin.stephane@gmail.com / price_19 euros (europe_shipping included in the price) 20 euros (ohers destinations_shipping included in the price)
Well, the title says it all, really. Merely reading the word Auschwitz, let alone Treblinka, Birkenau etc. has already conditioned your response to this album of field recordings made in the abovementioned places. As an example of how titles can affect one’s judgement of a work of art prior to experiencing it, this is even better than Penderecki’s celebrated Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima. If Stéphane Garin (the sound recordist) and Sylvestre Gobart (of whose photographs more later) had called their collaboration something like “Our European Holiday”, I doubt anyone would have paid any attention to it all. I know I certainly wouldn’t have spent as much time with as I have. As such, I suppose the artists have achieved what they set out to do, make me reflect on the Holocaust: “The relationship between sound and image is at the centre of our work. Through ordinary elements (car engine, dog barking…), sound is what enables the audience to slip gradually towards a certain abstraction, providing a necessary distance for us to penetrate further into thought.”
I seriously doubt whether Messrs Garin and Gobart subscribe to the theory that the historical events that occurred in these places somehow still resonate in the sounds that inhabit them today - their accompanying notes are, after all, undeniably sincere (if a tad arty-farty) and refreshingly free of all that hauntological penmanship - but I’m sure they’re aware of, and quite possibly influenced by, their compatriot Guy Debord’s concept of psychogeography, which, you will recall, he defined in 1955 as “the study of the precise laws and specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organized or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals” (though I’ve always wondered what those “precise laws” were). Even so, this project is no dérive; Garin and Gobart didn’t just wander into the showers and gas chambers of Majdaneck like a pair of latterday flâneurs - they went there with the precise intention to document what they heard and saw.
Of course, it’s perfectly natural - and inevitable, once you’ve read the album title - to read in (hear in) different levels of meaning (I won’t bore you with that old John Berger Van Gogh story from Ways of Seeing again). Cawing ravens above the Auschwitz Crematorium become grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous birds of yore croaking “Nevermore”, and the French schoolboy’s playground tales in the cité of Drancy (“il s’est battu contre Abdullah!”) reminds me of my friend Olivier Brunet’s chilling lines in his Fanny’s Wedding: “Childhood is something beautiful, but also full of wickedness… [i]t doesn’t last, they grow up, become something else, war criminals, hideous fat men, bitter old women, liars, cowards, and finally corpses.” Other reviews of the album I’ve read can’t resist the temptation, either: Brian Olewnick hears distant echoes of jackbooted Nazis marching across the square at Auschwitz, and for Richard Pinnell, “the clattering rhythm of moving trains brings with it a disturbing suggestiveness that such a sound wouldn’t have in another context” (hmm, remind me to sell my copy of Steve Reich’s Different Trains - I have no desire to listen to that again). But Vital Weekly’s Frans de Waard is having none of it: “Just as much as I think that other projects from all of man’s wrong doings, like nuclear disaster sites, is a mere con to sell a project to the world of art. There is not much difference between an empty room and an empty room. The field is innocent, so the forests of Drancy, Auschwitz, Birkenau etc. are as innocent as those around my corner – it’s men idiocy who is responsible the activity that went on there [sic]. You wouldn’t know these sounds came from concentration camps, if you didn’t read it.” And, of course, he’s right: a bird doesn’t sing a different song just because 65 years ago hundreds of human beings were exterminated and thrown into a mass grave lying under the tree whose branch it happens to be perched on.
As Michel Chion observed in his recent Wire Invisible Jukebox, “It’s funny that albums of field recordings [..] often include photos of the places as well. But sound and image aren’t the same thing. Look out of this window at the rooftops and you know you’re in Paris. But the sound in the courtyard below could be anywhere. Cities sound more or less the same the world over.” Gobart’s photography happily avoids the usual Holocaust imagery - no Arbeit Macht Frei here - yet its austere black and white (make that black and grey-green) and conspicuous lack of people (where are those Drancy schoolkids?) strike a sombre note. Had he shot in gaudy colour, like the deliberately banal images that accompany Emmanuel Holterbach’s album reviewed here last time round, our response would be quite different. Similarly, Garin seems to have gone out of his way to record everyday sounds - yes, as usual, there’s plenty of birdsong and traffic noise - but (ironically?) the disc’s highlights are those where a clear sense of locality is discernible: the distant string quartet in Majdaneck chugging through Eine kleine Nachtmusik with hilarious wrong notes and morphing it into Chopin, the cheesy but touching music in the Chelmo-Kulmhof Jewish memorial, the Hejnal Mariacki trumpet call from the towers of St. Mary’s in Cracow (a pleasant but hardly essential bonus track).
Such flashes of clear local colour aside, most of the sounds on these two discs could, as Chion says, have been recorded just about anywhere. These days there’s little stopping anyone with a good pair of mics and a malicious (or sick) sense of humour from recording the sounds of his own city centre, railway station and nearby woodland and selling them off as Hiroshima, Ground Zero, the Somme, Gettysburg or any other site of historical catastrophe you care to mention, the aural equivalent of this canny little business (how long before we get an album of field recordings from Miyagi Prefecture? I’m not joking here..). That said, I’m sure Garin and Gobart’s intentions are entirely noble. But the good folks at Gruenrekorder should have exercised a little more quality control somewhere along the line: 45 minutes of this stuff would have been perfectly sufficient. When it comes to the Holocaust, a little goes a long way. Ever seen Nuit et brouillard?
Stéphane Garin _Gurs (Sud-Ouest _Guillaume Bonnaud)
De Gurs à Treblinka.
Le percussionniste Stéphane Garin livre des cartes postales sonores des camps.
On le remarque peu à l’Orchestre de Pau, caché au milieu de ses percussions, mais sa participation est essentielle. Le disque coffret qu’il vient de coproduire ne se remarque pas non plus mais il est utile pour la démarche de mémoire. Stéphane Garin a arpenté neuf camps d’internement, de déportation et d’extermination, avec son micro, accompagné d’un photographe bruxellois, Sylvestre Gobart. Le travail leur a pris plusieurs années avant d’aboutir à deux CD audio accompagnés d’une collection d’images patinées de gris.
« Cette idée est partie de la musique. Je me suis de plus en plus intéressé aux sons environnants à la façon de John Cage. Ce travail a croisé ma passion pour la période de la déportation », explique Stéphane Garin, 37 ans, qui habite Bayonne. À 12 ans, ses parents l’empêchent de regarder « Shoah », de Claude Lanzmann. Il commande quand même la cassette à Noël, qu’il obtient et regarde 35 fois. De ses voyages dans les camps, il a ramené des sons du quotidien d’aujourd’hui, des voitures qui circulent, un enfant qui joue, un ballon qui tape. Pas de musique, juste des voyages sonores.
Auschwitz, le froid, le choc
« La première fois que je suis allé à Auschwitz, c’était en 2005. J’avais acheté des micros sans bonnette anti-vent. Il faisait un froid ! – 29° ! J’y ai passé dix jours, j’ai enregistré, enregistré, puis j’ai décidé de faire un CD ». Stéphane est venu à Gurs. Sa mère, originaire de Mauléon, lui avait parlé de ce camp d’internement ouvert en plein Béarn entre 1939 et 1944, qui a accueilli des républicains espagnols, des Juifs persécutés et des « indésirables ».
« J’ai voulu tracer le parcours de la déportation de Gurs à Auschwitz. Du Béarn, je suis allé à Drancy, puis dans la gare de Bobigny et en Pologne. Certains de Gurs allaient directement à Sobibor ou Treblinka. »
Un voyage chargé pour un trentenaire. « Je ne sais pas pourquoi j’ai une sensibilité pour cette période. C’est comme ça. Ce fut un tel cataclysme, y compris dans les arts ! Il y a un avant et un après “camps”. Cela me fascine. Les bourreaux me fascinent. Comment peut-on définir un espace avec des barbelés à l’intérieur duquel tout est possible ? Comment se met en place le mécanisme du génocide ? » Le regard aiguisé par l’histoire, l’artiste a désormais du mal à admettre les « petites intolérances du quotidien ». « La peur de la différence, avec sa propagande et la crise. Plus c’est gros, plus ça marche. J’ai aussi beaucoup de mal avec la hiérarchie, le pouvoir, tout ça me fait très peur. On s’aperçoit que, dans un espace clos, tout peut être permis, ceux qui ont le pouvoir peuvent en profiter. C’est ça qui est morbide. Les camps me tendent plutôt vers la vie. Car Auschwitz ou Gurs révèlent aussi la résistance des hommes : écrire un poème et l’enterrer, donner du pain, accueillir les persécutés. Comment à – 25 en Pologne, peut-on survivre en pyjama et en sabots ? Comment on s’en sort ? C’est cela, l’énergie et la résistance humaine ! »
« Gurs.. Treblinka », de Stéphane Garin et Sylvestre Gobart, édité par Gruenrekorder et Bruit Clair. Renseignements : garin.stephane@gmail.com Le camp de Gurs est situé sur la route entre Navarrenx et Oloron. Il est ouvert en permanence.
http://www.sudouest.fr/2011/05/07/de-gurs-a-treblinka-391375-4164.php
The Sound Projector Radio Show 4th March 2011
1. Bird Names, ‘The Beach@The Lake’ / From Metabolism : A Salute to the Energy of the Sun, USA NORTHERN-SPY NSCD006 CD (2011)
2. Vialka, ‘Unreliable Narrators’ / From La Poursuite De L’Excellence, FRANCE VIA-008 CD (2011)
3. I Compani, ‘Madame Kafka’s Dinner Song’ / From Mangiare!, NETHERLANDS ICDISC.NL 1101 CD (2011)
4. Absolute Value Of Noise, ‘War Vet’ / From The Silent Speaker, CANADA ABSOLUTE VALUE OF NOISE CD (2010)
5. Arturas Bumsteinas, (Track 07) / From My Own Private Bayreuth, POLAND HOTELMARIAKAPEL CD (2011)
6. Premier Roeles, ‘Frederic’ / From Ka Da Ver, NETHERLANDS VINDU 20111 CD (2011)
7. Phantom Heron Seas, ‘Part II’ / From The Unkindness of Ravens, UK DEAD SEA LINER 27 3″ CDR (2011)
8. Zanzibar Snails, ‘Crimini Headrush’ / From Caveat Emperor, FINLAND IKUISUUS IKU-027 CD (2011)
9. CM Von Hausswolff, ‘Day And Night’ (Track 01) / From 800 000 Seconds In Harar, UK TOUCH TO:82 CD (2011)
10. Stéphane Garin / Sylvestre Gobart, ‘Sobibor: The Platform’ / From Gurs / Drancy…, GRUENREKORDER GRUEN085 CD (2010)
11. David Lumsdaine, ‘Crossing Palace Green to the Cathedral’ / From Big Meeting, UK NMC REC D171 CD (2011)
12. Eco D’Alberi, ‘Up Toward The Sun’ / From Eco D’Alberi, USA PORTER RECORDS PRCD-4054 CD (2011)
TEXTURA (RON SCHEPPER)
Anyone contemplating creating an artwork that invokes WWII and the Nazi regime’s ‘Final Solution’ (more specifically the attempt to exterminate the entire populations of Jews, homosexuals, etc.) knows that delicate, emotionally charged ground will be trod upon and that whatever’s done will have to be done with circumspection. In broaching the subject, phonographer Stéphane Garin and photographer Sylvestre Gobart first considered the memories being kept alive today in light of the ceremonies and monuments that currently engender memorialization of a particular kind and then decided to create new associations by producing visual and sound portraits of internment, deportation, and extermination facilities from Gurs, France to Poland (Garin has collaborated with figures like Carl Craig and Moritz von Oswald, performed with orchestras such as the Brussels Philharmonic and Orchestre philharmonique de Radio France, and collaborated since 2005 with Gobart, a France-based photography and video artist, on the work in question).
Towards that end, they broke away from established iconography by eschewing the use of familiar photographs that convey the horrors of the camps; instead, the images they use encourage us to see the sites anew, severed from the ties to collective memory. While they may be stripped of that history, the photos by Gobart included in the release are nevertheless haunting, not only because of one’s awareness of those associations but also because they’re printed (for the CD release) as dark, duotone-like images that have a kind of chemically aged, silver-tinted appearance and thus take on an ethereal quality. Not a single person appears in photos that otherwise display trees (the forest in Treblinka), train stations (one for deportation at Bobigny), and other key sites (a snow-covered forest that was once a Birkenau crematorium, an open field at one time an internment camp at Gurs, men’s showers used as a gas chamber at Madjanek, and so on), making their already ghost-like quality even more pronounced. Such apparently untainted settings nevertheless carry the weight of history and thus paradoxically render visible within the viewer what’s no longer seen.
On the phongraphic side, quotidian sounds—car engines, clomping footsteps, barking dogs, children playing, people talking—mask the darker realities of the locales, enabling the listener to ease into a relaxed state that helps facilitate reflection upon the contents of the field recording portraits. No one would ever think that one is visiting a site of common graves in Majdaneck when the sounds of classical music, dogs, people, and traffic fill the air. Likewise, a pastoral idyll filled with chirping birds turns out to be the site of an internment camp at Gurs. On the other hand, the sorrowful singing that appears towards the end of the recording made at Chelmno-Kulmhof, a Jewish place of pilgrimage, suggests a powerful connection to its setting, and hearing the clattering rhythms of moving trains brings with it a disturbing suggestiveness that such a sound wouldn’t have in another context. Certainly the reverberant echo of footsteps trudging through Block 11 at Auschwitz is disturbing enough all by its lonesome (the corresponding photo is the only one of those included where everything is buried in darkness save for three overhead lights). At times, imagination and reality collide. In the first disc’s eighth track, for example, the sound of water drizzle immediately invokes the association of the men’s showers at Majdaneck that were, in reality, a gas chamber, but it turns out that we’re actually at an arms factory in February, 2006. Other sites where recordings were made include a train station for deportation at Bobigny, Auschwitz crematoriums. Though disc two’s ten-minute Sobibor recording (construction sounds dominate) is twice as long as it needs to be, missteps are few in what cumulatively impresses as a beautifully designed and powerful aural-visual document by the collaborators.